Testicular Cancer

Personalised treatments designed to fight cancer while minimising side effects.

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What is Testicular Cancer?

Testicular cancer begins in the testicles (testes), which are part of the male reproductive system. The majority of testicular cancers develop from germ cells, the cells that produce sperm. It is one of the most treatable forms of cancer, especially when detected early.

How Common is Testicular Cancer in Malaysia?

According to GLOBOCAN 2020, testicular cancer is relatively rare in Malaysia compared to other cancers, but it remains the most common cancer among young men aged 15 to 40. Early detection plays a key role in ensuring favourable outcomes, as cure rates are high with appropriate treatment.

What Are the Signs and Symptoms of Testicular Cancer?

Not all lumps are cancerous, but any persistent symptom should be assessed by a doctor promptly.

How is Testicular Cancer Diagnosed?

Diagnosis involves a combination of:

Physical examination to check for lumps or swelling
Ultrasound scan of the testicles to evaluate abnormalities
Blood tests for tumour markers such as AFP, hCG, and LDH
Imaging tests (CT scans) to check if the cancer has spread

What Causes and Increases the Risk of Testicular Cancer?

The exact cause is unknown, but several risk factors have been identified:

What Are the Types of Testicular Cancer?

The two main types are:

What Are the Stages of Testicular Cancer?

Stage I

Confined to the testicle

Stage II

Spread to nearby lymph nodes in the abdomen

Stage III

Spread to distant lymph nodes or organs such as the lungs or liver

Staging guides the choice of treatment and prognosis.

What Are the Treatments for Testicular Cancer?

Treatment depends on the type and stage of cancer, but often includes:

Surgery

Removal of the affected testicle (radical inguinal orchiectomy) is usually the first step.

Radiotherapy

Often used for seminomas.

Chemotherapy

Effective for both seminomas and non-seminomas, especially if the cancer has spread.

Surveillance

Careful monitoring may be an option in early-stage disease with low risk of recurrence.

Meet Our Doctors

At OncoCare Malaysia, our multidisciplinary team includes oncologists, urologists, radiation oncologists, radiologists, and pathologists, supported by oncology nurses and counsellors. Together, they provide comprehensive and personalised care for men with testicular cancer.